Seamless: Seamless editing is where you put two different pieces of film together to create a neat, smooth piece of film that runs into each piece of each other easily.
Splicing: Is where two different shots become one continuous shot where one shot finishes and the next one begins.
continuity: The cutting that is so seamless from one shot to the next that audiences in the theatre are not even aware that they are seeing an assembled sequence of images.
Motivated: Motivated editing is when the scene cuts to another scene or object that was not in the previous frame.
Montage: emphasises the actual process of passing time in a condensed form; consists of several shots occurring at a different point in time creating a mood/feeling.
Jump-cutting: an abrupt, inexplicable shift in the time and place of an action, which is not announced by a transition.
Parallel editing: when a film maker cuts back and forth between different spaces, usually suggesting events are happening at the same time; think two people racing to the same place at the same time.
180 rule: the rule that dictates that the camera will not cross the imaginary line in between two characters during an interaction and that the action will be filmed from one side.
Transitions:
Cut: A cut happens when one shot instantly replaces the other.
Dissolve: when Shot A is gradually replaced with Shot B .
Fade: Fade outs happen when the picture is gradually replaced by black screen or any other solid colour.
Wipe: when Shot B pushes Shot A off screen until Shot A is completely off screen.
Cutaways: shots that focus the audience's attention on precise details.
POV shot: POV shot is a camera angle that shows the audience what the character is seeing as this is being shown by representation of the camera.
Shot-reverse-shot: a standard shot pattern that director's use to film conversations between two characters; a character speaking and then the other characters response.
Providing and withholding information: Is when you try and make the narrative more dramatic by giving the audience more information or taking away information.
Editing rhythm: This is what editors use to keep pace of the film up, to match the action that is going on in the film.
Crosscutting: Cross-cutting refers to a technique of film edit-ing in which consecutive shots alternate between
two or more actions.
Cutting to soundtrack: Editing to soundtrack is when the pace of the cuts are motivated by how fast the song is.
Tuesday, 28 April 2015
History of editing
1.DW Griffith was an American Pioneer.
2.He also thought he invented the 'Close up' but he didn't.
3.Nickleodeons opened in 1905.
4.It was acceptable yo use black people in a negative/racist way.
5.The lumber brothers invented the projector.
6.The film industry began in New York and moved to LA.
7.Films started off silent and black and white and could only be watched by one person at a time.
8.Charlie Chaplin directed his own films.
9.Thomas Edison was the first person to record sound.
2.He also thought he invented the 'Close up' but he didn't.
3.Nickleodeons opened in 1905.
4.It was acceptable yo use black people in a negative/racist way.
5.The lumber brothers invented the projector.
6.The film industry began in New York and moved to LA.
7.Films started off silent and black and white and could only be watched by one person at a time.
8.Charlie Chaplin directed his own films.
9.Thomas Edison was the first person to record sound.
Monday, 27 April 2015
Task 1 - Research(The purposes of editing)
Engaging the viewer
Every film needs to be able to tell a story in order to interest the audience. it is important as the attention of a viewer must be captured during the film's running time. If the edit is poor then telling the story becomes difficult. Before a script has been produced there will have been some sort of an idea in place, a story to tell. The basic story is developed in pre-production along with the script. The director then decides how the story will be told.
relationship to genre
When it comes to editing, different genre's of film have different conventions, techniques and styles.
Every film needs to be able to tell a story in order to interest the audience. it is important as the attention of a viewer must be captured during the film's running time. If the edit is poor then telling the story becomes difficult. Before a script has been produced there will have been some sort of an idea in place, a story to tell. The basic story is developed in pre-production along with the script. The director then decides how the story will be told.
relationship to genre
When it comes to editing, different genre's of film have different conventions, techniques and styles.
Comedy:
Bright scenes.
Day time
Cities
Food, sports equipment
Characters - Accident prone/idiotic, the 'straight man', the love interest.
Horror:
Dark scenes, Low key lighting
Isolated/small towns
POV shots
Disturbing sounds
Characters - lonely/psychotic antagonist, unremarkable lead who takes a journey to become the strongest of their group, the hopeless, the couple who have sex, strong/brave who dies early.
creating motivation
Combining shots into sequences is the most simple and most used method in film and video editing. It is just placing shots after one another, creating a seamless flow in order to become a full sequence. They describe the edit as invisible because it's almost as though you can't tell that editing has taken place.
creating pace
Creating pace is basically the creation of an emotion through the camera shots and movements, as well as the music. You expect lots of quick camera shots and movements as well as a piece of fast, up beat music in a car chase scene. The music has to be appropriate when playing it with a scene. Music creates pace, a good example of this is Jaws, the camera movements and shots are good when the shark is about to attack and does, but the music creates the pace letting the audience know the shark is coming, how close it's getting, how fast it is and then the moment of attack, it builds alot of tension having the audience on the edge of their seats.
Horror:
Dark scenes, Low key lighting
Isolated/small towns
POV shots
Disturbing sounds
Characters - lonely/psychotic antagonist, unremarkable lead who takes a journey to become the strongest of their group, the hopeless, the couple who have sex, strong/brave who dies early.
creating motivation
This is done by making the continuity of the project looks smooth, checking that one shot to another doesn’t jerk and that the position is in the same place for a perfect edit.
You have to keep the audience interested and motivated to watch the project you have made, if you do have jerky shots the audience will notice and can get frustrated by this and not want to watch it, when you gain experience from making smooth transitions from one shot to another, you will be able to make a continuous flow of the shots.
A conversation is a good example of creating motivation, instead of keeping one shot and seeing the back of the head of one of the people involved you can cut and use the 180° rule to keep the shots cutting to the person speaking and keeping the audience interested.
It is vital to cut at the appropriate and right time to make sure the narrative develops and progresses further.
Choosing the correct pace, depending on the genre of the film, of the cuts is also important.
In order to help persuade the audience how they feel about a scene or a character, the editing team needs to get it right when cutting from one scene to another or from one character to another.
Sound plays a bit part in creating motivation, too. For example, if a character hears a very loud noise, causing them to turn their head, cutting to the thing they are looking at keeps the audience interested.
combining shots into sequencesIn order to help persuade the audience how they feel about a scene or a character, the editing team needs to get it right when cutting from one scene to another or from one character to another.
Sound plays a bit part in creating motivation, too. For example, if a character hears a very loud noise, causing them to turn their head, cutting to the thing they are looking at keeps the audience interested.
Combining shots into sequences is the most simple and most used method in film and video editing. It is just placing shots after one another, creating a seamless flow in order to become a full sequence. They describe the edit as invisible because it's almost as though you can't tell that editing has taken place.
creating pace
Creating pace is basically the creation of an emotion through the camera shots and movements, as well as the music. You expect lots of quick camera shots and movements as well as a piece of fast, up beat music in a car chase scene. The music has to be appropriate when playing it with a scene. Music creates pace, a good example of this is Jaws, the camera movements and shots are good when the shark is about to attack and does, but the music creates the pace letting the audience know the shark is coming, how close it's getting, how fast it is and then the moment of attack, it builds alot of tension having the audience on the edge of their seats.
Task 1 - Research(How editing has developed over time)
In-Camera Editing:
In-Camera editing is a stripped-down method for shooting a finished video. it's editing without any cables, computers or other technical facilities. In-Camera editing isn't when you finish shooting and you can put all the pieces together, it requires you to edit while you shoot. In-Camera editing isn't true editing, instead it refers to the process of shooting your program sequentially, each scene shot in order and at the length that it will appear in the finished program which means you have a complete program as soon as you are done taping. In-Camera editing leaves very little margin for error, every shot must be right or the whole show is a bust. This means you have to do a lot more pre-production planning before shooting.
Following the Action:
Following the action is used in editing when there is a scene with a lot of movement or a big action scene. Basically the camera follows the action, it stays on that scene and moves around the main characters in the scene and shows different parts of the scene so we can see more action.
A dolly/tracking shot is when a cart is on a track and its then moved along it to record a shot. The camera is mounted on the cart to film all the footage and most dollies also have the ability to move vertically to capture footage that maybe high up or in some cases can be fitted with cranes so footage at a higher level can be captured easily and successfully.
A Dolly Zoom is a technique that zooms in and out and is an unnatural effect and creates something that your eyes wouldn't see. This effect was made famous by Alfred Hitchcock in the film Vertigo and was later used by Steven Spielberg in Jaws.
A pan is used to capture shots horizontally, the camera is moved left or right. A pedestal is when the camera is moved vertical and captures anything that is high and low. Tilting is when the camera is pointed up or down but in a stationary position.
Multiple Points of View:
Multiple points of view is where something is happening in a scene involving multiple characters. We will see what is happening with one character and then the camera will cut to another character followed by another character if there is another and so on. It shows a scene from the point of view of all the characters involved.
Shot Variation:
This basically mean using a variety of different shots when filming which includes:
Long shot: Gives a full picture of the subject, showing fully what it is.
Medium shot: Doesn't show as much but isolates the subject from the background, it is often used to focus on one part of something.
Close up: A shot that zooms right in on the subject, the subject fills the screen bringing the audinece closer to it.
Extreme long shot: Just a variation of the long shot which films the subject from even further away.
Manipulation of Diegetic Time and Space:
Manipulation of Diegetic Time and Space is when editing is used to make an object, person or place look like it is changing over time. It should make the audience easily recognise that something is changing.
In-Camera editing is a stripped-down method for shooting a finished video. it's editing without any cables, computers or other technical facilities. In-Camera editing isn't when you finish shooting and you can put all the pieces together, it requires you to edit while you shoot. In-Camera editing isn't true editing, instead it refers to the process of shooting your program sequentially, each scene shot in order and at the length that it will appear in the finished program which means you have a complete program as soon as you are done taping. In-Camera editing leaves very little margin for error, every shot must be right or the whole show is a bust. This means you have to do a lot more pre-production planning before shooting.
Following the Action:
Following the action is used in editing when there is a scene with a lot of movement or a big action scene. Basically the camera follows the action, it stays on that scene and moves around the main characters in the scene and shows different parts of the scene so we can see more action.
A dolly/tracking shot is when a cart is on a track and its then moved along it to record a shot. The camera is mounted on the cart to film all the footage and most dollies also have the ability to move vertically to capture footage that maybe high up or in some cases can be fitted with cranes so footage at a higher level can be captured easily and successfully.
A Dolly Zoom is a technique that zooms in and out and is an unnatural effect and creates something that your eyes wouldn't see. This effect was made famous by Alfred Hitchcock in the film Vertigo and was later used by Steven Spielberg in Jaws.
A pan is used to capture shots horizontally, the camera is moved left or right. A pedestal is when the camera is moved vertical and captures anything that is high and low. Tilting is when the camera is pointed up or down but in a stationary position.
Multiple points of view is where something is happening in a scene involving multiple characters. We will see what is happening with one character and then the camera will cut to another character followed by another character if there is another and so on. It shows a scene from the point of view of all the characters involved.
Shot Variation:
This basically mean using a variety of different shots when filming which includes:
Long shot: Gives a full picture of the subject, showing fully what it is.
Medium shot: Doesn't show as much but isolates the subject from the background, it is often used to focus on one part of something.
Close up: A shot that zooms right in on the subject, the subject fills the screen bringing the audinece closer to it.
Extreme long shot: Just a variation of the long shot which films the subject from even further away.
Manipulation of Diegetic Time and Space:
Manipulation of Diegetic Time and Space is when editing is used to make an object, person or place look like it is changing over time. It should make the audience easily recognise that something is changing.
Monday, 20 April 2015
Purposes of Editing starter
Storytelling: Engaging the viewer
Two shot - See no evil, hear no evil
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HGo4mPa_bWc
Crosscutting
Storytelling: Development of drama
Captain America - Elevator
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jqIBGEcKhGs#t=127
Storytelling: Creating motivation
Long shot - Children of men
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QfBSncUspBk
Storytelling: Relationship to genre
Paranormal Activity
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=t2UPtchwj5k
Combining shots
Django Unchained
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8EfuMqV7gc8
Creating pace
Two shot - See no evil, hear no evil
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HGo4mPa_bWc
Crosscutting
Storytelling: Development of drama
Captain America - Elevator
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jqIBGEcKhGs#t=127
Storytelling: Creating motivation
Long shot - Children of men
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QfBSncUspBk
Storytelling: Relationship to genre
Paranormal Activity
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=t2UPtchwj5k
Combining shots
Django Unchained
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8EfuMqV7gc8
Creating pace
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